The peptide science A–Z.

The phospholipid bilayer that separates a cell from its environment and houses transmembrane receptors.

The aqueous interior of a cell, excluding the nucleus, containing organelles and cytoskeleton.

Membrane network where secreted and membrane proteins are synthesised, folded and post-translationally modified.

Stacked organelle that further modifies, sorts and packages proteins received from the ER.

Double-membraned organelles that generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation and host their own circular DNA.

Membrane-bound organelle housing chromosomal DNA and the machinery for transcription.

Macromolecular complex of rRNA and proteins that translates mRNA into peptide chains.